【Python】requestsの使い方｜基本文法からAPI実践例まで

# requests をインストール
pip install requests

# バージョンを確認
pip show requests

import requests  # ライブラリを読み込む

# 取得したいURL
url = "https://httpbin.org/get"

# GETリクエストを送信
response = requests.get(url)

# ステータスコードを確認(200なら成功の意味)
print("Status:", response.status_code)

# レスポンスボディ(テキスト)を表示
print("Body:", response.text[:200])  # 長いので先頭200文字だけ表示

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/get"

# クエリパラメータを辞書で指定
params = {
    "keyword": "python",
    "page": 2
}

response = requests.get(url, params=params)

print("Requested URL:", response.url)  # 実際に送信されたURLを確認
print("JSON:", response.json())

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/post"

# 送信するフォームデータ
data = {
    "username": "alice",
    "password": "secret123"
}

response = requests.post(url, data=data)

print("Status:", response.status_code)
print("JSON:", response.json()["form"])  # 送信されたフォーム内容を確認

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/json"

response = requests.get(url)

# レスポンスをそのまま文字列として確認
print("Raw text:", response.text[:100])

# JSONとしてパースしてPythonのオブジェクトにする
data = response.json()

print("Keys:", data.keys())
print("Title:", data.get("slideshow", {}).get("title"))

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/post"

payload = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "age": 30,
    "languages": ["Python", "JavaScript"]
}

# json= を使うと自動で JSON に変換 + Content-Type ヘッダー設定
response = requests.post(url, json=payload)

data = response.json()
print("Received JSON:", data["json"])
print("Content-Type:", data["headers"]["Content-Type"])

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/headers"

custom_headers = {
    "User-Agent": "MyApp/1.0",
    "X-API-KEY": "dummy-api-key-12345"
}

response = requests.get(url, headers=custom_headers)

data = response.json()
print("Headers seen by server:")
for k, v in data["headers"].items():
    print(k, ":", v)

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

url = "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user123/pass123"

# ユーザー名とパスワードを指定
auth = HTTPBasicAuth("user123", "pass123")

response = requests.get(url, auth=auth)

print("Status:", response.status_code)
print("JSON:", response.json())

import requests

url = "https://api.example.com/resource"

token = "your_access_token_here"

headers = {
    "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"
}

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

print("Status:", response.status_code)

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/delay/3"  # 3秒待ってから応答するAPI

try:
    # 最大2秒だけ待つ(timeout=2)
    response = requests.get(url, timeout=2)
    print("Status:", response.status_code)
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    print("Timeout 発生: 2秒以内に応答がありませんでした")

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/status/404"  # わざと 404 を返すURL

try:
    response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)
    
    # ステータスコードをチェックし、4xx/5xxなら例外を発生させる
    response.raise_for_status()
    
    print("成功:", response.text)
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
    print("HTTPエラー:", e)
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # requests全般の例外(タイムアウト、接続エラーなど)をまとめて捕捉
    print("通信エラー:", e)

import requests

session = requests.Session()  # セッションを作成

# セッション全体で共通のヘッダーを設定
session.headers.update({"User-Agent": "MySessionApp/1.0"})

urls = [
    "https://httpbin.org/get?i=1",
    "https://httpbin.org/get?i=2",
    "https://httpbin.org/get?i=3",
]

for url in urls:
    response = session.get(url)
    print(response.json()["args"])

import requests

login_url = "https://httpbin.org/cookies/set/session_id/abc123"
check_url = "https://httpbin.org/cookies"

with requests.Session() as session:
    # Cookieをセットする(本来はここでログインフォームをPOSTする)
    session.get(login_url)

    # Cookieが自動的に送信される
    response = session.get(check_url)
    print("Cookies on server:", response.json()["cookies"])

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/post"

# 送信するファイルを開く
# 実際の環境では存在するファイルパスに変更してください
file_path = "example.txt"

with open(file_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("Hello, file upload!")  # デモ用にファイルを作成

with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
    files = {"file": ("example.txt", f, "text/plain")}
    response = requests.post(url, files=files)

print("Status:", response.status_code)
print("Uploaded file info:", response.json()["files"])

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/image/png"

response = requests.get(url)

# 画像をファイルに保存
output_path = "downloaded.png"
with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
    f.write(response.content)

print("Saved to:", output_path)

import requests

url = "https://httpbin.org/image/jpeg"
output_path = "downloaded_large.jpg"

with requests.get(url, stream=True) as r:
    r.raise_for_status()
    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
        # 1KBずつ書き出す
        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=1024):
            if chunk:  # 空のチャンクをスキップ
                f.write(chunk)

print("Saved to:", output_path)

import requests

# 取得したいリポジトリ(owner/repo)
owner = "psf"
repo = "requests"

url = f"https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}"

response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()  # エラーなら例外を投げる

data = response.json()

print("Repository:", data["full_name"])
print("Description:", data["description"])
print("Stars:", data["stargazers_count"])
print("URL:", data["html_url"])

import os
import requests

owner = "psf"
repo = "requests"
url = f"https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}"

# 環境変数から GitHub トークンを取得 (事前に設定しておく)
token = os.getenv("GITHUB_TOKEN")

headers = {}
if token:
    headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {token}"

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
response.raise_for_status()

data = response.json()
print("Full name:", data["full_name"])
print("Private repo?:", data["private"])
print("Open issues:", data["open_issues_count"])

import requests

# 東京付近の座標(例)
latitude = 35.6895
longitude = 139.6917

url = "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast"

params = {
    "latitude": latitude,
    "longitude": longitude,
    "current_weather": True
}

response = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=10)
response.raise_for_status()

data = response.json()

current = data.get("current_weather", {})
print("Temperature:", current.get("temperature"), "°C")
print("Wind speed:", current.get("windspeed"), "km/h")
print("Time:", current.get("time"))

import requests

url = "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast"

cities = {
    "Tokyo": (35.6895, 139.6917),
    "Osaka": (34.6937, 135.5023),
    "Fukuoka": (33.5902, 130.4017),
}

for city, (lat, lon) in cities.items():
    params = {
        "latitude": lat,
        "longitude": lon,
        "current_weather": True,
    }
    
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=10)
        response.raise_for_status()
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"{city}: API呼び出しに失敗しました:", e)
        continue
    
    data = response.json()
    current = data.get("current_weather", {})
    
    temp = current.get("temperature")
    wind = current.get("windspeed")
    time = current.get("time")
    
    print(f"{city} - {time} / Temp: {temp} °C / Wind: {wind} km/h")